The school nurse is teaching a group of clients about how tobacco smoke causes lung cancer. Which pathophysiological process supports the risk of cancer from smoking?

B Drug addiction changes the neurochemical messages in the brain causing cravings. D Risk for comorbidities increase incidence of chronic diseases and decrease longevity. A Vasoconstrictive properties of nicotine reduce oxygenation and stimulate metabolism. C Carcinogenic agents in tobacco alter cellular cytology, morphology, and function of the lung.