The nurse is caring for an older adult client of an unfamiliar ethnic culture. The nurse shows an understanding of the general principles of culturally sensitive interaction when implementing which interventions? Select all that apply.

Although cultural sensitivities vary, it is generally prudent to show respect for an older client of any ethnic background by using his or her formal name. Personal conversations not required as part of the assessment process should be avoided, as should a show of authority. Maintaining eye contact is not universally taken to be a positive behavior and so may be limited until it is determined to be acceptable by the client. Physical touching by strangers is not readily accepted in many cultures and should be engaged in cautiously and only when necessary and with permission from the client.