The nurse caring for a client with a diagnosis of end-stage kidney failure is asked by a family member about advance directives. Which statements should the nurse include when discussing advance directives with the client's family member? Select all that apply.

The two basic advance directives are living wills and durable powers of attorney for health care. Under the PSDA, it must be documented in the client's record whether the client has signed an advance directive. For living wills or durable powers of attorney for health care to be enforceable, the client must be legally incompetent or lack decisional capacity to make decisions regarding health care treatment. The determination of decisional capacity is usually made by the HCP and family, whereas the determination of legal competency is made by a judge. Living wills are written documents that direct treatment in accordance with a client's wishes in the event of a terminal illness or condition. Generally, two witnesses, neither of whom can be a relative or HCP, are needed when the client signs the document. A durable power of attorney for health care designates an agent, surrogate, or proxy to make health care decisions if and when the client is no longer able to make decisions on her or his own behalf; however, a health care proxy cannot legally write a living will for a client.