Difficulty: Medium
Average Score: 92%
Simulated
Passage / Scenario
Parent presents child to provider's office. Parent reports the child has had a fever for 2 days and that the child has cried more than usual. Parent also reports the child has had a decreased appetite for the last 24 hr. Child febrile and lethargic. Notified provider of parent reports and child's fever. New prescriptions received. Urine sample obtained via sterile straight catheter. Vital Signs 0930: Temperature 38.4° C (101.1° F), Heart rate 128/min, Respiratory rate 28/min. Diagnostic Results 1030: Urinalysis: Appearance: cloudy and dark amber (clear), Specific gravity 1.035 (1.005 to 1.030), Leukocyte esterase: positive (negative), Nitrites: present (none), WBCS: 10 (0 to 4).The child is at risk for developing________ and ______.
Correct answer
B,E
Rationale
The correct answer is B,E. The child is at risk for renal scarring (B) due to repeated episodes of pyelonephritis (E). Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection in the kidneys that, if left untreated or recurrent, can lead to scarring of the renal tissue. Renal scarring can impair kidney function and increase the risk of long-term complications. Nephrotic syndrome (A) is a kidney disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria and edema, not directly related to the risk factors mentioned. Polycystic kidney disease (C) is a genetic disorder leading to the formation of cysts in the kidneys, not typically associated with the child's risk factors. Acute glomerulonephritis (D) is an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units, usually caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or medications, not directly related to the child's risk factors.