Difficulty: Medium
Average Score: 77%
Simulated
A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to see in this client? (Select all that apply.)
Correct answer
A, C, D
Rationale
Left-sided heart failure causes pulmonary congestion: A) Dyspnea from fluid in lungs; C) Orthopnea from lying flat, worsening lung fluid; D) Crackles from alveolar fluid. B) Jugular vein distention is right-sided failureÔÇÖs systemic congestion sign. A, C, D reflect left-sided pathology.