A nurse is considering contraceptive options for four patients. Which patient should the nurse identify as having a contraindication for oral contraceptives?

D A 28-year-old patient with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease. A A 26-year-old patient who experiences migraines at the start of each menstrual cycle. B A 38-year-old patient who reports smoking one pack of cigarettes daily. C A 32-year-old patient with benign breast disease.