A client is admitted for observation with a severely sprained wrist following a skiing accident. To reduce pain and swelling the nurse applies cold packs to the immobilized wrist and maintains elevation as prescribed. Which physiological cause is producing the pain and swelling? Select all that apply.

A Trauma forced the joint to twist past normal range of motion. E E Inflammatory response caused by tendinosis. B Muscle spasms around the injured ligaments. D Stretching of the ligament. C Tearing of the ligaments that hold bones together to form a joint.