A 59-year-old woman is discussing urinary symptoms with you. She describes mild loss of urine with sneezing, coughing, and laughing. Which of the following is a normal age-related phenomenon that may predispose elderly patients to incontinence?

A The frequency of involuntary bladder contractions decreases with age (potentially leading to overflow incontinence) D Elderly women have urogenital atrophy due to decreased estrogen, and thus have decreased sensitivity of the internal urethral sphincter (potentially leading to stress incontinence) C Total bladder contractility increases with age (potentially leading to stress incontinence) B Total bladder capacity decreases with age (potentially leading to urge incontinence)